In 1923, Jean Jérôme Augustin Bussière rented a piece of private land from a local resident in Niujiangou, Xishan, Beijing and built his villa Bussière Garden.The garden’s architecture was adapted to the local topography, comprising three main structures. The first is a watchtower built of rocks; the second is a two-story building blending Chinese and Western styles, known as the North House; the third is a five-bay Chinese-style hall called the South House. Following the natural contours of the mountain, the three buildings are interconnected by mountain footpaths.In the picturesque valley of Niujiangou, he built a summer retreat for his daughter’s convalescence—marking the beginning of what would become Bussière Garden. Within this tranquil sanctuary, Dr Bussière constructed a watchtower-style clinic, where he offered free medical care to local villagers. This space gradually evolved into a unique “Sino-French medical and social hub.” By 1937, the watchtower clinic became a critical transit station for delivering medicine to Chinese anti-Japanese resistance bases.
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